Ask HN: What Is Your Personal Backup Methods

I just have a cron job running a simple bash script on all my machines (Linux, macOS) that compressess all my personal files (mainly configs and docs) on a daily basis. It then uploads it to a local NAS (just two USB sticks connected to a Raspberry Pi; might upgrade to a proper homelab at some stage). This is in turn backed up to Filen (Germany based). The backups include 30 daily backups + 12 monthly backups.

As for system-level backups, I just use btrfs automatic snapshots (via Snapper).

Mac: I use Parachute Backup to keep a local copy of my iCloud files and photos on an external drive. Backblaze backs the external drive and all local working files (roughly 16TB altogether) up for ~$100/year.

Weekly write of my files to an external HD. I swap the HDs monthly with off-site copies.

I don't have too much data but I use https://github.com/denzyldick/siegu

- Daily restic backup to an internal SSD of my desktop,

- Daily snapraid backup of my NAS

- Once a month I save my desktop to another offline SSD

- Once a month I save important NAS files to an offline HDD

For personal files/media, I heard about the 3-2-1 method: 3 copies, 2 formats, 1 offsite. I'd likely want to add a complete self-contained toolchain to convert format with that offsite copy.

I'm not nearly as particular with my OS backups as I used to be. For instance Desktop personalization is minimal. I've used too many computers over the years to maintain much configuration beyond a small number of dot-files. Hobby code goes in Github/codeberg.org and some kind of cloud sync for my daily driver.

Another thing that ended up happening naturally is that I keep hard drives of old computers when I upgrade. They serve as point-in-time snapshots. I haven't made it a point to be able to necessarily read all of them but it doesn't take much like having a number of USB-disk/media interface adapters around.

Relevant stuff is either on Github or Codeberg for dev stuff and on a openCloud Instance for other files. openCloud gets backuped daily. If I ever need to reinstall my computer(s), I need to reinstall tools mostly and sync everything again. Oh and as I just read it in the comments: I also have a parachute backup for images, iCloud stuff etc.

I pay $7 per month/machine backed up to Backblaze, it's saved my bacon more than once.

You do need to modify it's default exclusions... I lost some movies I shot with my DSLR that way. 8(

- first copy on external 2Tb drive, via Time Machine ( macosx )

- second copy on 12Tb Raid5 NAS, via rsync

- code and settings also on cloud ( gitlab )

- documents also on cloud ( GDrive )

- media burned on DVD.

I do a weekly full back of the root filesystems of my Linux desktop and wife's laptop machines (while booted from rescue media) to zfs snapshots on a home file server running freebsd using rsync. The server holds snapshots for the most recent five weeks. A script on the server watches for changes and synchronizes its copy of my desktop home directory and paperless-ngx archive with a luks encrypted filesystem backed by a regular file, splits the image file into 1MB chunks, and uploads the changed chunks since the previous week to a cheap vps using rsync (typically 2 to 4 GB out of 400 total). The image file is on an external SSD connected to the server in case I have to grab it and run. (I prefer luks and ext4 for external media to the bsd equivalents so the server uses an Arch Linux vm with raw drive passthrough.) A script on the vps synchronizes it with redundant copies on three independent cloud storage providers using rclone, one of which stores monthly snapshots for the most recent seven months. I've memorized the passwords for the cloud providers and can access them without 2FA. A script on my laptop watches the cloud storage providers for changes and synchronizes one of them using rclone to a local copy on a rotating basis, reconstructs the luks filesystem image, and checks the SHA1 sum. My laptop also dumps a copy of the image to an old-timey slow-ass external usb hard drive once per quarter that holds the most recent four quarters. Once a year I back up the paperless archive and selected important files to DVD.

I use an automated script, scheduled with cron, for daily backups using restic to a Hetzner Storage Box and weekly, makes a test restoring to a temporary folder and comparing checksums.

If something goes wrong it emails me if the comparison fails or if the backup failed.

My workspace tool (https://caspian.md/app) that i used on a day to day basis for my daily workflows sets up an automated backup daily for all my workflows.